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STAGE 2 Using a soft eraser, rub out the background grid, and the angular lines which have provided the symmetrical guide for your knotwork, or trace over the knot and transfer to a clean sheet of paper, marking the outline as a dotted pencil line. Very carefully add the small black lines as shown in the diagram, keeping them equally spaced. STAGE 3 Using a soft pencil join together the small lines to make an interweaving ribbon. STAGE 4 Using a black felt-tip pen complete the design by making...
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STAGE 3 Add the small triangular shapes on each side of the design, then, when the ink is dry rub out the background grid using a soft eraser STAGE 4 Colour in the key pattern using felt-tip pens, acrylic or watercolour paints. Use a dark colour for the triangular sections and a pale colour for the surrounding areas shown in grey in the diagram. Carefully leave a very thin white line as shown - this will accentuate the main lines of the key pattern. Use a ruler and a soft pencil as a guide for...
The Making Of Ancient Manuscripts
Sitting in a warm building with pencil and paper readily available for our designs, we should bear in mind the arduous lengths the early Christian monks went to in order to create their wonderful illuminated manuscripts such as the books of Kelts, Lindisfarne, Durrow and other lesser-known works. Their 'paper' was vellum - made from cured calfskin and a very expensive commodity. The vellum was prepared by soaking it in specially prepared liquids and then stretching it over frames and scraping...
Celtic Lettering
STAGE 1 Using a pair of compasses and a soft pencil, draw a circle and mark the circumference with six equidistant points. Use a ruler to join these points through the centre of the circle, then draw an equilateral triangle within the circle joining the points of three of the six lines. This framework will help to keep the design symmetrical. Draw the outline of the birds, keeping the pencil lines as accurate as possible. STAGE 2 Continue working in pencil and add further details of the birds'...
Celtic Art
Celtic Art - from its beginnings to The Book of Kells, Ruth and Vincent Megaw Thames and Hudson 2002 Early Celtic Designs, Ian Stead and Karen Hughes British Museum Press 1997 Celtic Art - the methods of construction, George Bain,- Constable 1991 The Celtic Art Source Book, Courtney Davis Blandford Press 1988 Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times, J Romilly Allen Bracken Books 1993 reprint of 1904 Early Celtic Art in Britain and Ireland, Ruth and Vincent Megaw,-Shire Archaeology 1994 Later...
Creating Your Own Celtic Designs
Now it's time to find yourself some paper, some felt-tip pens, paints or crayons, a pencil, a ruler, a pair of compasses and a good-quality soft eraser - which you'll need quite often The practical, step-by-step projects in this book show you how to create all the different types of Celtic designs from swirling spirals to elaborate knotwork and key patterning, stylized birds and beasts to illuminated lettering. Each chapter focuses on a different style and explains the skills and techniques you...
The Westward Migration Of The Celts
By the 4th century bc Celtic tribes had settled in northern Italy, and despite the odds against them carried out a spirited attack on Rome in about 390 bc. Their warfaring exploits led them as far as Greece, where Delphi is recorded as being invaded in 297 bc. Shortly after this a faction of Celtic tribes travelled a further distance to Galatia, now central Turkey, Late Iron Age engraved stone with La and subsequently settled there. Tene patterns, from Castlestrange, County Roscommon, Ireland...
The Spread Of Illumination
The Book of Durrow is the earliest of the surviving Irish illuminated Gospel books and dates from around 675. It takes its name from the monastery of Durrow in County Meath, Ireland, which was founded by St Columba. On the last page of the Book of Durrow there is an inscription added at a much later date testifying that it was present in Durrow monastery Stones at Newgrange, County Meath, around the turn of the 12th century, but its actual place of creation is not Ireland carved with a basic...
The Book Of Kells And The Lindisfarne Gospels
From the 4th century ce the Christian monastic system began to flourish in Ireland. It was from these institutions that the greatest masterpieces of Celtic art were produced - the illuminated gospels. The magnificent Book of Kells takes its name from the early Irish monastery of this name in County Meath, Ireland. Today, within the ruined monastic site the carved stone Celtic high cross of the monastery is still standing, rather eroded by over one thousand years of exposure to the Irish...
Folklore And Mythology
The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries, W y Evans-Wentz,- Colin Smythe, 1977 1911 reprint Landscapes of Legend, John Matthews and Michael Stead Blandford Press, 1997 The Illustrated Guide to Celtic Mythology, T W Rolleston Studio Editions, London, 1993 Celtic Women - In Legend, Myth and History Lyn Webster-Wilde,-Blandford Press 1998 Celtic Myths - The Legendary Past Miranda Green, British Museum Press 1993 Sacred Celtic Animals, Marion Davies Capall Bann Publishing 1998 Celtic Myth and Legend -...
The La Tene Period
During the 5th century bc in an area of what is now Switzerland, a separate Celtic culture emerged called La Tene, named after an ancient settlement situated beside Lake Neuchatel. This settlement was discovered in 1858. One main distinguishing feature between the Hallstatt and La Tene cultures was their burial methods. The elite of the Hallstatt period were buried with four-wheeled wooden carts, but burials of the La Tene culture contain the lighter and faster two-wheeled Celtic chariot, which...
Who Were The Celts
Most historians place the earliest established origins of the Celts from about 1000-800 bc in eastern Europe. However, recent research and excavations indicate that cultures in Siberia and northern Mongolia dating back as far as the second millennium bc, may be directly linked to the Celts. The prowess of the Celts as expert horsemen who could travel very long distances, give these links further credibility. With their unique expertise in horsemanship the Celts were masters of the chariot -...
The Hallstatt Period
One of the main regions of early Celtic occupation was centred around Hallstatt, in modern-day Austria, from about 750-450 bc. Salt was the main commodity used for trading by the Celts during this period and this was a large salt-mining area. Among its various uses salt was vital as a preservative to aid the storage of meat through the bleak winters. It was almost as highly prized as gold. The word 'Hall', often found in present-day Austrian place-names or geographical features, is derived from...
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the island of lona in Scotland's Inner Hebrides. A unique place of inspiration and beauty. Text copyrisht David James 2003 Photographs copyright Simant Bostock 2003 Artwork copyright Vitor Gonzalez 2003 Distributed in North America by F amp W Publications, Inc. 4700 East Galbraith Road Cincinnati, OH 45236 1-800-289-0963 David James has asserted his right to be identified as author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 All rights...